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Paul Newman Wiki
Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008)[1][2][3]
was an American actor, film
director, entrepreneur, humanitarian, and auto
racing enthusiast. He won numerous awards, including an Academy
Award for best actor for his performance in the 1986 Martin Scorsese film The Color of Money and eight other nominations,[4]
three Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors
Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy
award, and many honorary awards. He also won several national
championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road
racing, and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar
racing.
Newman was a co-founder of Newman's
Own, a food company from which Newman donated all post-tax profits
and royalties to charity.[5]
As of October 2008, these donations had exceeded US $280 million.[5] Early life
Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio (a suburb of Cleveland),
the son of Theresa (née Fetzer or Fetsko; Slovak: Terézia Fecková)[6][7]
and Arthur Samuel Newman, who ran a profitable sporting goods store.[8][9]
Newman's father was Jewish, the son of immigrants from Poland
and Hungary;[9]
Newman's mother, who practiced Christian Science, was born to a Slovak Roman Catholic family at Pticie
(formerly Pticsie) in the former Austria–Hungary (now in Slovakia).[7][10][11][12]
Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as "a Jew",
stating that "it's more of a challenge".[13]
Newman's mother worked in his father's store, while raising Paul and
his brother, Arthur, who later became a producer and production manager.[14]
Newman showed an early interest in the theater, which his mother
encouraged. At the age of seven, he made his acting debut, playing the
court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. Graduating
from Shaker Heights High School in
1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens,
Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi
Kappa Tau fraternity.[14]
[edit] Military service
Newman served in the United States Navy in World
War II in the Pacific theater.[14]
Newman enrolled in the Navy V-12 program at Ohio University, hoping to be accepted for pilot
training, but was dropped when it was discovered he was color blind.[14][15]
He was sent instead to boot camp and then received further training as a
radioman and gunner. Qualifying as a rear-seat radioman and gunner in torpedo bombers, in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class
Newman was sent to Barber's Point, Hawaii. He was subsequently assigned
to Pacific-based replacement torpedo squadrons (VT-98, VT-99, and
VT-100). These torpedo squadrons were responsible primarily for training
replacement pilots and combat air crewmen, placing particular
importance on carrier landings.[15]
He later flew from aircraft carriers as a turret gunner in an Avenger
torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, he served aboard the USS Bunker Hill during the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945. He was ordered to
the ship with a draft of replacements shortly before the Okinawa
campaign, but by a fluke of war, was held back because his pilot had an
ear infection. The rest of his detail died.[16]
After the war, he completed his degree [clarification needed] at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, graduating in 1949.[14]
Newman later studied Drama at Yale University, graduating in 1954, and later studying
under Lee Strasberg at the Actors' Studio in New
York City.[14]
Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to
leave New York for Hollywood: "Too close to the cake," he reported him
saying, "Also, no place to study."[17]
[edit] Career
[edit] Early work
Newman made his Broadway theater debut in the original
production of William Inge's Picnic with Kim
Stanley. He later appeared in the original Broadway productions of The Desperate Hours and Sweet Bird of Youth with Geraldine Page. He would later star in the film version of Sweet
Bird of Youth, which also starred Page.
His first movie
for Hollywood was The Silver Chalice (1954),
followed by acclaimed roles in Somebody Up There Likes Me
(1956), as boxer Rocky Graziano; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
(1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor; and The Young Philadelphians (1959), with Barbara
Rush and Robert Vaughn. However, predating all of these
above was a small but notable part in an August 8, 1952 episode of the
science fiction TV series Tales of Tomorrow entitled "Ice from Space",[18]
in which he played Sergeant Wilson, his first credited TV or film
appearance.
In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James
Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for East of Eden (1955). Newman was testing for the
role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's fraternal twin brother
Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. The same year, Newman co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank
Sinatra in a live —and color —television broadcast of Our Town, a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play with the
same name. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean.[19]
In 2003, Newman acted in a remake of Our Town, taking on the
role of the stage manager.
[edit] Major films
Newman was one of the few actors who successfully made the transition
from 1950s cinema to that of the 1960s and 1970s. His rebellious
persona translated well to a subsequent generation. Newman starred in Exodus (1960), The Hustler (1961), Hud
(1963), Harper (1966), Hombre (1967), Cool Hand Luke (1967), The Towering Inferno (1974), Slap Shot (1977), and The
Verdict (1982). He teamed with fellow actor Robert Redford and director George Roy Hill for Butch Cassidy and the
Sundance Kid (1969) and The
Sting (1973).
He appeared with his wife, Joanne Woodward, in the feature films The Long, Hot Summer (1958), Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!,
(1958), From the Terrace (1960), Paris
Blues (1961), A New Kind of Love (1963), Winning
(1969), WUSA (1970), The Drowning Pool (1975), Harry & Son (1984), and Mr. and Mrs. Bridge (1990). They both also starred
in the HBO miniseries
Empire Falls,
but did not have any scenes together.
In addition to starring in and directing Harry & Son,
Newman also directed four feature films (in which he did not act)
starring Woodward. They were Rachel, Rachel (1968), based on Margaret Laurence's A Jest of God, the screen
version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The
Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1972), the
television screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Shadow Box (1980), and a screen version of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie
(1987).
Twenty-five years after The Hustler, Newman reprised his role
of "Fast" Eddie Felson in the Martin Scorsese-directed The Color of Money (1986), for which he won the
Academy Award for Best Actor. He told a television interviewer that
winning an Oscar at the age of 62 deprived him of his fantasy of
formally being presented with it in extreme old age.[20]
[edit] Last works
In 2003, he appeared in a Broadway revival of Wilder's Our Town,
receiving his first Tony Award nomination for his performance. PBS
and the cable network Showtime aired a taping of the production, and
Newman was nominated for an Emmy
Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie.
His last screen appearance was as a conflicted mob boss in the 2002
film Road to Perdition opposite Tom
Hanks, although he continued to provide voice work for films. In
keeping with his strong interest in car racing, he provided the voice of
Doc Hudson, a retired race car in Disney/Pixar's Cars.
Similarly, he served as narrator for the 2007 film Dale,
about the life of the legendary NASCAR
driver Dale Earnhardt, which turned out to be Newman's final
film performance in any form. Newman also provided the narration for the
film documentary The Meerkats, released in 2008.
[edit] Retirement from acting
Newman announced that he would entirely retire from acting on May 25,
2007. He stated that he did not feel he could continue acting at the
level he wanted to. "You start to lose your memory, you start to lose
your confidence, you start to lose your invention. So I think that's
pretty much a closed book for me."[21][22]
[edit] Philanthropy
With writer A.E. Hotchner, Newman
founded Newman's Own, a line of food products, in 1982.
The brand started with salad dressing, and has expanded to include
pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things.
Newman established a policy that all proceeds, after taxes, would be
donated to charity. As of early 2006, the franchise has donated in
excess of $250 million.[5]
He co-wrote a memoir about the subject with Hotchner, Shameless
Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good. Among other awards,
Newman's Own co-sponsors the PEN/Newman's Own First
Amendment Award, a $25,000 reward designed to recognize those who
protect the First
Amendment as it applies to the written word. His daughter, Nell
Newman, took the helm of the company with his death.[23]
One beneficiary of his philanthropy is the Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, a
residential summer camp for seriously ill children, which is located in Ashford, Connecticut.
Newman co-founded the camp in 1988; it was named after the gang in his
film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969). Newman's college
fraternity, Phi Kappa Tau, adopted Hole in the Wall as
their "national philanthropy" in 1995. One camp has expanded to become
several Hole in the Wall Camps in the U.S., Ireland, France, and Israel.
The camps serve 13,000 children every year, free of charge.[5]
In June 1999, Newman donated $250,000 to Catholic Relief Services to aid
refugees in Kosovo.[24]
On June 1, 2007, Kenyon College announced that Newman had donated $10
million to the school to establish a scholarship fund as part of the
college's current $230 million fund-raising campaign. Newman and
Woodward were honorary co-chairs of a previous campaign.[25]
Paul Newman was one of the founders of the Committee
Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy (CECP), a membership organization
of CEOs and corporate chairpersons committed to raising the level and
quality of global corporate philanthropy. Founded in 1999 by Newman and a
few leading CEOs, CECP has grown to include more than 175 members and,
through annual executive convenings, extensive benchmarking research,
and best practice publications, leads the business community in
developing sustainable and strategic community partnerships through
philanthropy.[26]
Newman was named the Most Generous Celebrity of 2008 by
Givingback.org. He contributed $20,857,000 for the year of 2008 to the
Newman's Own Foundation, which distributes funds to a variety of
charities.[27]
Upon Newman's death, the Italian
newspaper (a "semi-official" paper of the Holy See)
L'Osservatore Romano published a
notice lauding Newman's philanthropy. It also commented that "Newman was
a generous heart, an actor of a dignity and style rare in Hollywood
quarters."[28]
[edit] Marriages and family
Newman was married twice. He was married to Jackie Witte[14]
from 1949 to 1958. They had a son, Scott (1950), and two daughters,
Susan Kendall (1953) and Stephanie.[14]
Scott Newman, who died in November 1978 from a drug
overdose,[29]
appeared in the films Breakheart Pass, The Towering Inferno, and the 1977 film Fraternity Row.
Paul Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention
in memory of his son.[30]
Susan is a documentary filmmaker and philanthropist and has
Broadway and screen credits, including a starring role as one of four
Beatles fans in I Wanna Hold Your Hand
(1978), and also a small role opposite her father in Slap Shot.
She also received an Emmy nomination as co-producer of his telefilm, The
Shadow Box. Newman had two grandsons.
Newman married actress Joanne Woodward on February 2, 1958.[31]
They had three daughters: Elinor
"Nell" Teresa (1959), Melissa "Lissy" Stewart (1961), and Claire
"Clea" Olivia (1965). Newman directed Elinor (stage name Nell Potts) in
the central role alongside her mother in the film The
Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds.
The Newmans lived away from the Hollywood environment, making their
home in Westport, Connecticut. Paul Newman was
well known for his devotion to his wife and family. When asked about
infidelity, he famously quipped, "Why go out for hamburger when you have
steak at home?"[32][33]
[edit] Political activism
For his support of Eugene McCarthy in 1968 (and
effective use of television commercials in California) and his
opposition to the War in Vietnam, Newman
was placed nineteenth on Richard Nixon's enemies list,[34]
which he claimed was his greatest accomplishment.
Consistent with his work for liberal causes, Newman
publicly supported Ned Lamont's candidacy in the 2006 Connecticut
Democratic Primary against Senator Joe
Lieberman, and was even rumored as a candidate himself, until
Lamont emerged as a credible alternative. He donated to Chris Dodd's presidential campaign.[35]
He attended the first Earth
Day event in Manhattan on April 22, 1970. Newman was also a
vocal supporter of gay rights, including same-sex marriage.[36]
Newman was concerned over global warming and supported nuclear
energy development as a solution.[37]
[edit] Auto racing
Newman was an avid auto racing enthusiast, and first became
interested in motorsports ("the first
thing that I ever found I had any grace in") while training at the Watkins Glen Racing School for
the filming of Winning, a 1969
film. Newman's first professional event was in 1972, in Thompson, Connecticut, and he was a
frequent competitor in Sports Car Club of America (SCCA)
events for the rest of the decade, eventually winning several
championships. He later drove in the 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans in Dick Barbour's Porsche
935 and finished in second place.[38]
Newman reunited with Barbour in 2000 to compete in the Petit Le Mans.[39]
From the mid-1970s to the early 1990s, he drove for the Bob Sharp
Racing team, racing mainly Datsuns (later rebranded as Nissans)
in the Trans-Am Series. He became closely
associated with the brand during the 1980s, even appearing in
commercials for them. At the age of 70 years and 8 days, he became the
oldest driver to be part of a winning team in a major sanctioned race,[40]
winning in his class at the 1995 24 Hours of Daytona.[41]
Among his last races were the Baja
1000 in 2004 and the 24 Hours of Daytona once again in 2005.[42]
Newman initially owned his own racing team, which competed in the Can-Am
series, but later co-founded Newman/Haas
Racing with Carl Haas, a Champ
Car team, in 1983. The 1996 racing season was chronicled in the IMAX film Super Speedway, which Newman narrated. He was also a
partner in the Atlantic Championship team Newman Wachs Racing. Newman owned a NASCAR Winston Cup car, before
selling it to Penske Racing, where it now serves as the #12
car.
Newman was inducted into the SCCA Hall of Fame at the national convention in Las Vegas, Nevada on February
21, 2009.[43]
[edit] Illness and death
Newman was scheduled to make his professional stage directing debut
with the Westport Country Playhouse's 2008
production of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, but he stepped down on May 23, 2008,
citing health issues.[44]
In June 2008 it was widely reported that Newman, a former chain smoker, had been diagnosed with lung
cancer and was receiving treatment at Sloan-Kettering hospital
in New York City.[45]
Photographs taken of Newman in May and June showed him looking gaunt.[46]
Writer A.E. Hotchner, who partnered with
Newman to start the Newman's Own company in the 1980s, told the
Associated Press that Newman told him about the disease about eighteen
months prior to the interview.[47]
Newman's spokesman told the press that the star was "doing nicely," but
neither confirmed nor denied that he had cancer.[48]
In August, after reportedly finishing chemotherapy,
Newman told his family he wished to die at home. He died on September
26, 2008, aged 83, surrounded by his family and close friends.[49][50][51][52]
His remains were subsequently cremated
after a private funeral service near his home in Westport.[53]
[edit]
Filmography,
awards, and nominations
[edit] As actor
[edit] As director or producer
[edit] Additional awards
and honors
In addition to the awards Newman won for specific roles, he received
an honorary Academy Award in 1986 for his "many and memorable and
compelling screen performances" and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
for his charity work in 1994.
He received the Golden Globe New Star of the Year — Actor
award for The Silver Chalice (1957), the Henrietta
Award World Film Favorite — Male in 1964 and 1966 and the Cecil B.
DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1984.
Newman won Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival for The Long, Hot Summer and the Silver Bear at
the Berlin Film Festival
for Nobody's Fool.
In 1968, Newman was named "Man of the Year" by Harvard University's performance group, the Hasty Pudding Theatricals.
Newman
Day has been celebrated at Kenyon College, Bates
College, Princeton University, and other
American colleges since the 1970s. In 2004, Newman requested that
Princeton University disassociate the event from his name, due to the
fact that he did not endorse the behaviors, citing his creation of the
Scott Newman Centre in 1980, which is "dedicated to the prevention of
substance abuse through education".[55][56]
Posthumously, Newman was inducted into the Connecticut Hall of Fame,
and was honored with a 37 acre nature preserve in Westport named in his
honor. He was also honored by the United States House of
Representatives following his death.
[edit] Published work
- Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Newman's
Own Cookbook. Simon & Schuster, 1998. ISBN 0684848325.
- Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of
the Common Good. Doubleday Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0385508026.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Film Star Paul Newman dead at
83." Reuters.com. September 27, 2008.
- ^ "Legendary Actor Paul Newman Dies
at Age 83." ABC News. September 27, 2008.
- ^
"Paul Newman dies at 83". Cable
News Network (CNN.com). 2008-09-27. http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/09/27/paul.newman.dead/. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ "Persons With 5 or More Acting
Nominations". Academy of Motion
Picture Arts and Sciences. 03/2008. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics/indexStats.html. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
- ^ a
b
c
d
FAQs Newman's Own.com.
- ^
Lax,
Eric (1996). - Paul Newman: A Biography. - Atlanta, Georgia:
Turner Publishing. - ISBN 1570362866.
- ^ a
b
Morella, Joe; Epstein, Edward Z. (1988). - Paul and Joanne: A
Biography of Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. - Delacorte Press. - ISBN 0440500044.
- ^ Paul Newman Biography (1925-).
- FilmReference.com.
- ^ a
b
Ancestry of Paul Newman.
- Genealogy.com.
- ^
Hamill, Denis. - "Paul Newman, A Big Gun at 73". - Buffalo News. - March 7, 1998. - Retrieved:
2008-03-08
- ^ Pticie Resumé. - Obecný úrad Pticie
- ^ "Fallece el actor Paul Newman"
Elmundo.es (27 September 2008)
- ^
Skow, John. - "Verdict on a Superstar". - TIME. - December 6, 1982.
- ^ a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Paul Newman biography. -
Tiscali.co.uk.com.
- ^ a
b
Paul Newman. - Biographies in Naval
History. - Navy.mil.
- ^ Hastings,
Max (2008). - Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944-45.
- Random House. - ISBN 0307263517.
- ^ Levant,
Oscar (1969). - The Unimportance of Being Oscar.
- Pocket Books. - p.56. ISBN 0671771043.
- ^ "Ice From Space". Tales of Tomorrow. 1952-08-08. No. 43, season 1.
- ^ Weiner, Ed; Editors of TV Guide (1992). The TV
Guide TV Book: 40 Years of the All-Time Greatest Television Facts,
Fads, Hits, and History (First ed.). New York: Harper Collins.
p. 118.
- ^
King, Kyle (September 27, 2008). "Film Star Paul Newman Dies at 83".
Voice Of America (Voice Of America). http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-09/2008-09-27-voa19.cfm. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ Paul Newman quits films after
stellar career. News.com.au. May 27, 2007.
- ^ Hollywood star Newman to retire.
BBC News. May 27, 2007.
- ^ "Paul Newman says he will die at
home." Herald Sun. August 9, 2008.
- ^ CNN - Incoming Kosovo refugees, outgoing U.S.
donations - April 7, 1999[dead link]
- ^
"Paul Newman donates $10 mln to
Kenyon College". Reuters. 2007-06-02. http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN0238991920070602. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
- ^ "CECP - Committee Encouraging
Corporate Philanthropy". Corporatephilanthropy.org. http://www.corporatephilanthropy.org. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ "The Giving Back 30". The
Giving Back Fund. November 1, 2009. http://www.givingback.org/Programs_Services/GivingBack30_2008.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
- ^ Pattison, Mark (September 30, 2008). "Catholic film critics laud actor
Paul Newman's career, generosity". http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0804957.htm. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^
Clark, Hunter S. People. Time magazine.
February 17, 1986.
- ^ Welcome. Scott Newman Center.org.
- ^ "Remembering Paul Newman." People.
September 27, 2008.
- ^ "Concern about Paul Newman's
health". New York Daily News.
2008-03-12. http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2008/03/13/2008-03-13_concern_about_paul_newmans_health.html. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
- ^ Ellen, Barbara (2006-10-08). "It's an age-old quandary — why do
men, like dogs, stray?". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2006/oct/08/familyandrelationships5. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
- ^ "Facts on File".
Web.archive.org. http://web.archive.org/web/20030621235432/www.artsci.wustl.edu/~polisci/calvert/PolSci3103/watergate/enemy.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Dodd Gets Financial Boost From
Celebs. WFSB.com. 17 Apr 2007.
- ^ "Paul Newman an icon of cool
masculinity". Sfgate.com. 2008-09-28. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/09/28/MN8R1194R6.DTL. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ "Cool Hand Nuke: Paul Newman
endorses power plant". USA
Today. 2007-05-23. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-05-23-paul-newman_N.htm. Retrieved 4/11/2010.
- ^
"XLVII Grand Prix d'Endurance les
24 Heures du Mans 1979". Le Mans & F2 Register. 2008-05-02. http://www.formula2.net/1979.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^
"American Le Mans Series 2000".
World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2005-10-02. http://wsrp.ic.cz/alms2000.html#9. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ Vaughn, Mark (October 6, 2008). "Paul Newman
1925-2008". AutoWeek 58 (40): 43.
- ^
"International Motor Sports
Association 1995". World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2007-02-14. http://wsrp.ic.cz/imsa1995.html#1. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^
"Grand-American Road Racing Championship 2005". World
Sports Racing Prototypes. 2005-12-17. http://wsrp.ic.cz/grandam2005.html#1. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ "Newman Leads List of New SCCA Hall
of Fame Inductees". Sports Car Club of America. 2008-12-03. http://www.scca.org/newsarticle.aspx?hub=6&news=3533. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ "Citing Health, Newman Steps Down as Director of
Westport's Of Mice and Men". Playbill.
2008-05-23. http://www.playbill.com/news/article/118076.html. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
- ^ "Paul Newman has cancer". - The Daily Telegraph.
- June 9, 2008.
- ^ "Gaunt Paul Newman has 'form of
cancer,' business partner says". - Sun Journal. - June 12, 2008.
- ^
Christoffersen, John. "Longtime friend: Paul Newman has
cancer". Associated Press. June 11, 2008.
- ^ "Newman says he is 'doing nicely'".
- BBC -
BBC.com. - June 11, 2008.
- ^
AP. "Acting legend Paul Newman dies at 83". msnbc. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26913988/. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ Leask, David. "Paul Newman, Hollywood legend,
dies at 83". Scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com. http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/world/Paul-Newman-Hollywood-legend-dies.4535651.jp. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ "Film star, businessman,
philanthropist Paul Newman dies at 83." Free Press.com.
September 28, 2008.
- ^
Katz, Ivan. "Actor, Philanthropist, Race Car
Driver Paul Newman Dies." Chicago Examiner. September 27,
2008.
- ^
Hodge, Lisa. "Legend laid to rest in private
family ceremony." ahlanlive.com. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
- ^
Bernstein, Adam (September 27, 2008). "Academy-Award Winning Actor Paul
Newman Dies at 83". The Washington Post (The Washington Post
Company). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/27/AR2008092701222.html. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ "Binge drink ritual upsets actor".
BBC News. 2004-04-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3652179.stm.
- ^ Cheng, Jonathan (2004-04-24). "Newman's Day - forget it, star
urges drinkers". Sydney Morning Herald.
http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/23/1082616331695.html.
[edit] Bibliography
- Demers, Jenifer. Paul Newman: the Dream has Ended!.
Createspace, 2008. ISBN 1440433232
- Lax,
Eric. Paul Newman: a Biography. Turner Publishing,
Incorporated, 1999. ISBN 1-57036-286-6.
- Morella, Joe; Epstein, Edward Z. Paul and Joanne: A Biography of
Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. Delacorte Press, 1988. ISBN 0440500044.
- O'Brien, Daniel. Paul Newman. Faber & Faber, Limited,
2005. ISBN 057121987X.
- Oumano, Elena. Paul Newman. St. Martin's Press, 1990. ISBN 0-517-05934-7.
- Quirk, Lawrence J. The Films of Paul
Newman. Taylor Pub., 1986. ISBN 0-8065-0385-8.
- Thomson, Kenneth. The Films of Paul Newman. 1978. ISBN 0-912616-87-3.
[edit] Further reading
- Dherbier, Yann-Brice; and Verlhac,
Pierre-Henri (2006). Paul Newman: A Life in Pictures. San
Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. ISBN 9780811857260. OCLC 71146543.
- Godfrey, Lionel (1979, ©1978). Paul
Newman, Superstar: A Critical Biography. New York, NY: St. Martin's
Press. ISBN 9780312598198. OCLC 4739913.
- Hamblett, Charles (1975). Paul Newman.
Chicago, IL: H. Regnery. ISBN 9780809282364. OCLC 1646636.
- Landry, J. C. (1983). Paul Newman.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070361898. OCLC 9556372.
- Lax, Eric
(1996). Newman: Paul Newman, A Celebration. London, UK:
Pavilion. ISBN 9781857937305. OCLC 37355715.
- Lax, Eric (1996). Paul Newman: A
Biography. Atlanta, GA: Turner Pub.. ISBN 9781570362866. OCLC 33667112.
- Morella, Joe (1988). Paul and Joanne:
A Biography of Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. New York, NY:
Delacorte Press. ISBN 9780440500049. OCLC 18016049.
- Netter, Susan (1989). Paul Newman and
Joanne Woodward. London, England: Piatkus. ISBN 9780861888696. OCLC 19778734.
- O'Brien, Daniel (2004). Paul Newman.
London, UK: Faber. ISBN 9780571219865. OCLC 56658601.
- Oumano, Elena (1989). Paul Newman.
New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312026271. OCLC 18558929.
- Quirk, Lawrence J. (1971). The Films of Paul Newman.
New York, NY: Citadel Press. ISBN 0806502239. OCLC 171115.
- Quirk, Lawrence J. (1996). Paul
Newman. Dallas, TX: Taylor Pub. Co.. ISBN 9780878339624. OCLC 35884602.
- Stern,
Stewart (1989). No Tricks in My Pocket: Paul Newman Directs.
New York, NY: Grove Press. ISBN 9780802111203. OCLC 18780705.
- Demers, Jenifer (2008). Paul Newman:
The Dream has Ended!. California: Createspace. ISBN 9781440433238.
[edit] External links
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